Jim Lesurf has spent a lifetime in audio, both as an engineer at UK hi-fi company Armstrong and reader in Physics and Electronics at St Andrew's University


OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
For some years I've felt that one aspect
of this phenomenon that tends to
be overlooked is that low feedback
amplifiers, and ones with an output
transformer 'outside the loop', tend to
have a relatively high output impedance.
This then interacts with the speaker
impedance, altering the overall tonal
balance. Output impedances much
above half an ohm or
so (a damping factor
of around 15 or less)
can produce audible
changes. And many
valve amps have a
higher output
resistance
than this.
With this in mind
I've been experimenting
with fitting series resistors to my speaker
leads. The power amp I use is a high
power solid-state design that takes the
classic 'pure engineering' approach
having a very low output impedance
and a ruler-flat response.
So I can use resistors to dial in a chosen amount of
output resistance and hear the effect.
The results have been quite interesting.
I tried the idea with a pair of Quad ESL
2805s. I love the Quads for their clear
stereo imaging and natural sounding
presentation of voice and acoustic
instruments. But in my main listening
room they tend to sound a bit bright in
RELAXED AND INVOLVING
My first reaction has been that the
difference is an improvement. The sound
does seem more relaxed and involving
without losing imaging. Some material
sounds too warm or woolly if I use too
high a value of series resistor.
But I'm still experimenting. If you want to try
something similar then I'd recommend
choosing resistors that have a value in the
AT YOUR OWN RISK
What conclusion you draw will depend
entirely on your tastes and equipment
and there are some potential snags. One
is that the level of distortion produced
by the speakers may change. Another, of
course, is that the change will make the
sound worse, not better.
The resistors will also drop some of
the signal voltage from your power amp,
so you may have to wind up the volume
control. You may also need to take care
not to blow up your power amplifier by
accidentally shorting its output.
You shouldn't try this experiment
unless you know what I mean by 'in
series' and how to add a series resistor to
a wire. But some series resistance should
be quite safe. If you decide you don't like
the effect, then the cost is a lot less than
having to modify your listening room or
move house to get a better sound from
your speakers! Maybe resistance isn't
useless, after all.